机械合金化Fe100-xNix系微结构的XRD研究

用机械合金化方法制备了Fe100-xNix（x=10、20、30、40）系粉末样品,利用X射线衍射谱方法分别研究了球磨时间和Ni含量对样品微结构的影响,结果表明：Fe70Ni30样品经球磨24h后就形成了过饱和的Fe（Ni）固溶体;经36h机械球磨后的Fe100-xNix样品Ni含量x（x≤40at％）越大,越不易形成单一的过饱和固溶体,且越易诱导α—Fe（bcc）产生向γ—Fe（fcc）的结构相变,相变所需的球磨时间愈短;经球磨相同时间80h后,样品Fe70Ni30有非晶产物生成,而Fe80Ni20仍然是bee结构的Fe（Ni）饱和固溶体,这表明Ni含量也会影响非晶变化的发生．     

Bulk Al–Al3Zr composite prepared by mechanical alloying and hot extrusion for high-temperature applications

Bulk Al/Al3Zr composite was prepared by a combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and hot extrusion processes. Elemental Al and Zr powders were milled for up to 10 h and heat treated at 600°C for 1 h to form stable Al3Zr. The prepared Al3Zr powder was then mixed with the pure Al powder to produce an Al–Al3Zr composite. The composite powder was finally consolidated by hot extrusion at 550°C. The mechanical properties of consolidated samples were evaluated by hardness and tension tests at room and elevated temperatures. The results show that annealing of the 10-h-milled powder at 600°C for 1 h led to the formation of a stable Al3Zr phase. Differential scanning calorime-try (DSC) results confirmed that the formation of Al3Zr began with the nucleation of a metastable phase, which subsequently transformed to the stable tetragonal Al3Zr structure. The tension yield strength of the Al?10wt%Al3Zr composite was determined to be 103 MPa, which is approximately twice that for pure Al (53 MPa). The yield stress of the Al/Al3Zr composite at 300°C is just 10% lower than that at room tem-perature, which demonstrates the strong potential for the prepared composite to be used in high-temperature structural applications.     

Q235钢双辉镍铬共渗层的组织结构和耐蚀性能

本文采用双层辉光等离子表面冶金技术在Q235钢表面制备Ni-Cr合金层,通过扫描电子显微镜及能谱仪附件、X射线衍射仪、动态显微硬度系统等测试方法表征了合金层的组织形貌、化学成分、相组成、动态显微硬度和弹性模量,并采用CHI750电化学工作站,以304L不锈钢为对比试样,通过三电极体系以0.001V/S的扫描速度研究了两者在3.5%的NaCl和0.5%H2SO4两种介质中的电化学腐蚀行为.结果表明：等离子共渗后,Q235钢表面形成了厚度约12μm的镍铬合金层,渗层均匀致密,无孔洞裂纹等缺陷,其表面晶粒结聚成团,呈颗粒状.镍、铬合金元素由表及里呈梯度分布,并在次表层达到浓度高峰,其原因在于在此工艺下沉积的表层区域原子发生逆溅射和逆扩散.合金层主要由FeCr0.29Ni0.16C0.06、Cr23C6和γ相组成,与基体呈冶金结合,表面动态显微硬度达9.72GPa.电化学腐蚀试验表明合金层在NaCl溶液中的自腐蚀电位相对于不锈钢正移25mV,并且具有比不锈钢更小的腐蚀电流密度,而在H2SO4溶液中合金层的腐蚀电位虽负移9mV,但其腐蚀电流密度依然远小于不锈钢,计算得出其腐蚀速度相对于不锈钢分别降低了2.35倍和1.30倍,因此双层辉光等离子镍铬共渗可显著提高Q235的耐腐蚀性能.     

合金化改善多孔砂轮磨削性能的研究

通过对不含合金元素Co和添加3%Co的两种孔隙率高达38%的多孔金刚石砂轮进行磨削实验,测定它们在不同磨削条件下的磨削力,并观察磨削后砂轮的表面形貌,综合两砂轮的磨削力、力比Fz/Fx、比磨削能的大小、磨削一定体积材料后比磨削能的增量大小,以及磨削后两砂轮的表面形貌特征等实验结果,对两种砂轮的磨削性能进行分析评价.结果表明,在相同的磨削条件下,添加3%Co的砂轮Ⅱ的磨削力、力比Fz/Fx以及比磨削能均小于不含合金元素Co的砂轮Ⅰ,磨除同样体积的花岗石材料后两砂轮的比磨削能的增加量都不大,并且砂轮Ⅱ的比磨削能的增加量始终小于砂轮Ⅰ的比磨削能的增加量.两种砂轮磨削一定体积的花岗石后,在砂轮Ⅰ表面有较多的金刚石脱落坑,同时胎体出现较深的磨痕.     

Fabrication of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels with excellent mechanical and pitting corrosion properties

A series of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels were successfully developed with a pressurized electroslag remelting furnace. Nitride additives and deoxidizer were packed into the stainless steel pipes, and then the stainless steel pipes were welded on the surface of an electrode with low nitrogen content to prepare a compound electrode. Using Si₃N₄ as a nitrogen alloying source, the silicon contents in the ingots were prone to be out of the specification range, the electric current fluctuated greatly and the surface qualities of the ingots were poor. The surface qualities of the ingots were improved with FeCrN as a nitrogen alloying source. The sound and compact macrostructure ingot with the maximum nitrogen content of 1.21wt% can be obtained. The 18Cr18Mn2Mo0.9N high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel exhibits high strength and good ductility at room temperature. The steel shows typical ductile-brittle transition behavior and excellent pitting corrosion resistance properties.     

Fe-Ni磁性材料机械合金化的成分及组织特征研究

用扫描电子显微镜、X射线能谱仪及X射线衍射仪考察分析了Fe和Ni混合粉末的机械合金化过程及其组织特征,得出结论Fe和Ni粉末的机构合金化是通过片层间的扩散进行的;球磨10h后,Fe和Ni粉末发生合金化;进一步球磨,已合金化的粉末又会发生相变。     

工艺参数对Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb离子多元共渗的影响

采用二次正交回归方法分析研究了工艺参数对Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb离子多元共渗的影响,实验结果表明,渗层表面合金元素质量分数w和渗层厚度d与宏观工艺参数之间存在明确的对应关系,并建立了两者之间的数学模型,确定了工艺参数源极功率密度Ps,气压P和极间距D对渗层表面合金元素的w和d的影响。     

机械化学方法进行钇掺杂Zn4 Sb3的相组成和相变

通过机械化学方法制备了Zn4Sb3和钇掺杂的Zn4Sb3试样.试样的相组成和相变过程分别采用X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热(DSC)方法进行研究.扫描电镜结果显示,颗粒大小随钇掺杂量增加而减少,直到(Zn1-xYx)4Sb3中钇的摩尔分数达到x=0.02.X射线衍射结果表明,当x=0.02时Zn4Sb3的百分含量达到最大.DSC结果表明,钇掺杂以后的试样球磨相同的12 h,相变温度从820 K变化到825 K,最大峰值减小.     

不同球磨强度对机械合金化Fe_(50)Ti_(50)非晶形成的影响

采用不同的电压 ,用机械合金化方法制备了Fe50 Ti50 合金 ;并通过X -ray衍射分析不同球磨强度对Fe50 Ti50 非晶形成的影响     

合金元素对铸造AlSi7Mg合金导电率的影响

研究了合金元素Ｓｉ、Ｍｇ及杂质元素Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ等对铸造ＡｌＳｉ７Ｍｇ合金导电率的影响。结果表明,Ｓｉ对合金的导电率有不利的影响,其含量应控制在下限;随着Ｍｇ含量的提高,合金的导电率降低,综合考虑强度和导电率,Ｍｇ含量应控制在０．２５％～０．４％;Ｆｅ是合金中的有害元素,但其对导电率影响不大,其含量应低于０．２％;Ｃｕ、Ｍｎ是合金中的杂质元素,对导电率有不利影响,应减小其含量。